cnc數控機械加工是指用數控的加工工具進行的加工。CNC指數控機床由數控加工語言進(jin)行(xing)編(bian)(bian)程控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制，通(tong)(tong)常(chang)(chang)為(wei)G代(dai)(dai)碼。數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)G代(dai)(dai)碼語言告訴(su)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)機床(chuang)的(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)刀具采用(yong)何種 笛卡爾位置坐標，并控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制刀具的(de)進(jin)給速度(du)和主軸轉速，以及工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具變換器、冷卻劑等功(gong)能。 數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)相對(dui)(dui)手動加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具有(you)很(hen)大(da)的(de)優勢(shi)，如數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)生產出(chu)的(de)零件(jian)(jian)非(fei)常(chang)(chang)jing確(que)并具有(you)可(ke)重復(fu)性；數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)可(ke)以生產手動加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)無法完成(cheng)的(de)具有(you)復(fu)雜外形的(de)零件(jian)(jian)。數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong) 技(ji)術現已普遍推廣，大(da)多數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)機加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)車間(jian)都具有(you)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)能力(li)，典(dian)型的(de)機加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)車間(jian)中(zhong)最(zui)常(chang)(chang)見(jian)的(de)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方式有(you)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)銑(xian)、數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)車和數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)EDM線切割（電火花(hua)線切 割）。 進(jin)行(xing)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)銑(xian)的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具叫做數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)銑(xian)床(chuang)或數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)心(xin)。進(jin)行(xing)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)車削(xue)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)車床(chuang)叫做數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)車工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)心(xin)。 數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)G代(dai)(dai)碼可(ke)以人工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)編(bian)(bian)程，但通(tong)(tong)常(chang)(chang)機加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)車間(jian)用(yong)CAM（計(ji)算機輔(fu)助(zhu)制造）軟件(jian)(jian)自動讀取CAD（計(ji)算機輔(fu)助(zhu)設計(ji)）文件(jian)(jian)并生成(cheng)G代(dai)(dai)碼程序(xu)，對(dui)(dui)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)機床(chuang)進(jin)行(xing)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制。

　　cnc數控機械加工有下列優點：

　　①大量(liang)減少工(gong)裝數量(liang)，加(jia)(jia)工(gong)形狀復(fu)雜的(de)零(ling)件(jian)不需要(yao)復(fu)雜的(de)工(gong)裝。如要(yao)改(gai)(gai)變零(ling)件(jian)的(de)形狀和尺寸，只需要(yao)修(xiu)改(gai)(gai)零(ling)件(jian)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)程序，適用(yong)于新產品研制(zhi)和改(gai)(gai)型。

　　②加工(gong)質(zhi)量穩定，加工(gong)精(jing)度高(gao)，重復精(jing)度高(gao)，適應飛行器的加工(gong)要求(qiu)。

　　③多品種、小批量生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)情況(kuang)下生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)效率較高(gao)，能減(jian)少生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)準備、機床(chuang)調整和(he)工序檢驗的時(shi)間，而(er)且由于(yu)使用zui佳切削量而(er)減(jian)少了切削時(shi)間。

　　④可加工常規方法(fa)難于加工的復雜型面，甚(shen)至能(neng)加工一些無法(fa)觀測的加工部位。

　　數控加工的缺點是(shi)機床設備費用昂貴，要求維修人員具有較高水平。

cnc數控機械加工通過計算機(ji)將(jiang)其譯碼(ma)，從而使機(ji)床動(dong)作并加(jia)工零件。通過刀具切削將(jiang)毛坯料加(jia)工成半成品成品零件等。